全球233家医学期刊发表联合社论，呼吁各国加强气候行动

原标题：全球233家医学期刊发表联合社论，呼吁各国加强气候行动 来源：澎湃新闻

全球233家顶级医学、护理和公共卫生期刊9月6日发表联合社论，呼吁各国加强行动来应对气候变化、恢复生物多样性并维护公众健康。发表该社论的期刊包括《柳叶刀》、《新英格兰医学杂志》、《英国医学杂志》、《美国医学信息学会会刊》、《中国科学通报》、《澳大利亚医学杂志》、《国际护理评论》等。医学专业人员和期刊一直在关注和警告气候变化、自然破坏对健康带来的影响，如此多数量的期刊联合发表同样的社论尚属首次，突显了事态的严重性。

作者们称，各国将在9月举行的联合国大会、10月在中国昆明举行的生物多样性大会及11月份在英国格拉斯哥举行的联合国气候大会上共同商议采取集体行动应对气候危机，在这些关键会议之前，全球公卫期刊的这篇联合社论呼吁采取更紧急的行动，将全球平均气温升幅控制在1.5摄氏度以内。全球气温上升和自然环境的破坏已经在损害人们的健康，社论指出，未能将全球气温上升控制在1.5摄氏度以内、未能恢复自然原有的平衡与和谐，这是未来全球公共卫生面临的最大威胁。

“全球升温超过1.5摄氏度对于健康的风险已经得到充分认证。事实上，任何幅度的变暖都是不安全的。”社论称，过去20年，在65岁以上的人群中，与高温相关的死亡率增长了50%以上。高温增加了脱水、肾功能衰竭、皮肤恶性肿瘤、热带病、不良心理健康、妊娠并发症、过敏、心血管及肺部的发病率和死亡率。高温危害对于最弱势群体的影响尤为严重，包括儿童、老年人、少数民族、贫困社区和有潜在健康问题的人群。

此外，全球变暖还导致全球主要农作物的产量潜力下降，自1981年以来降低了1.8-5.6%。再加上极端天气和土壤枯竭的影响，正在抵消全球为减少营养不良作出的努力。社论称，任何国家，无论多么富裕，都无法置身事外免受这些影响。让最弱势群体承受最严重的气候灾害将会引发更多的冲突、粮食危机、被迫流离失所及人畜共患病，这意味着对所有国家和社区产生严重影响。

社论称，目前各国提出的减少碳排放和保护自然的目标释放了积极的信号，但仍不足以实现长期的温控目标。社论呼吁各国政府采取行动，例如支持重新设计交通系统、城市、食品生产和经销、金融投资市场和卫生系统。

“许多国家政府投入前所未有的资金规模应对新冠疫情大流行带来的威胁，环境危机也需要类似的应急响应。这需要巨额的投资，远超世界上任何一个正在考虑或已交付的投资项目。”社论指出，这些投资将产生巨大的健康和经济效益，包括高质量的工作、减少空气污染、改善住房和饮食。光是改善空气质量带来的健康效益，就足以轻松抵消全球的减排成本。

社论认为，全球气候合作取决于富裕国家采取更多行动。“造成环境危机的国家必须采取更多行动，以支持低收入和中等收入国家建设更清洁、更健康和更具抵御力的社会。”发达国家必须加强资金投入以应对气候变化，兑现甚至超越他们向发展中国家每年提供1000亿美元的重要承诺，同时关注减缓和适应，包括改善卫生系统的弹性。至关重要的是，这笔钱应该以赠款形式提供，而非贷款形式。

“作为卫生专业人员，我们必须尽一切努力帮助过渡到一个可持续、更公平、更具弹性和更健康的世界。”社论称，“作为卫生杂志的编辑，我们呼吁各国政府和领导人采取行动，使2021年成为世界最终改变方向的一年。”

联合国负责气候科学的机构政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）近期发布的报告显示，在所有排放情景下，全球升温都将至少达到1.5℃。在最具雄心的低排放情景下，全球升温预计在本世纪30年代达到1.5℃，后将超出温控目标到1.6℃，并在本世纪末回落到1.4℃。

“环境和健康密不可分。气候不断变化正在以多种方式对人们生活产生负面影响，包括对健康和医疗保健的重要影响。”《新英格兰医学杂志》主编、社论共同作者之一Eric J. Rubin表示，作为医疗和公共卫生从业者，不仅有义务预测新的医疗保健需求，而且有义务积极参与限制气候危机的加剧。

“医疗卫生专业人员长期以来一直关注气候变化对健康的危害，但我们的发声并未在全球辩论中被清楚地听到。 ”英国气候变化健康联盟主席、社论共同作者之一Richard Smith认为，“这份史无前例的联合社论展示了我们对全球的关注以及我们希望如何参与应对气候变化。”

《东非医学杂志》主编、社论共同作者之一Lukoye Atwoli说道，虽然中低收入国家历来对气候变化贡献较小，但这些国家承受着不利影响（包括对健康的影响）带来的沉重负担。“因此，我们呼吁公平贡献，让世界上较富裕国家从现在开始一直到未来采取更多措施来抵消其行动对气候的影响。”

参与联合发布的期刊名单：

Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica

Advances in Nursing Science

Advances in Nutrition

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases

Age and Ageing

Alcohol and Alcoholism

Allergy

Alpha Psychiatry

American Journal of Clinical Pathology

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

American Journal of Hypertension

American Society of Microbiology

Animal Bioscience

Annals of African Surgery

Annals of Behavioral Medicine

Annals of Oncology

Annals of Public Health

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health

Balkan Medical Journal

Belgian Journal of Medicine

Biosis: Biological Systems

BJOG

BMJ Case Reports

BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine

BMJ Global Health

BMJ Health & Care Informatics

BMJ Innovations

BMJ Leader

BMJ Medicine

BMJ Military Health

BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health

BMJ Open

BMJ Open Gastroenterology

BMJ Open Ophthalmology

BMJ Open Quality

BMJ Open Respiratory Research

BMJ Open Science

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

BMJ Paediatrics Open

BMJ Quality & Safety

BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health

BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care

BMJ Surgery, Interventions, & Health Technologies

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences

Brain

Brain Communications

British Dental Journal

British Journal of General Practice

British Journal of Ophthalmology

British Journal of Sports Medicine

British Medical Bulletin

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy

Canadian Medical Association Journal

Cardiovascular Research

Caribbean Medical Journal

Chinese Science Bulletin

CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing

Clinical Medicine

Croatian Medical Journal

Crohn's & Colitis 360

Cureus Journal of Medical Science

Current Developments in Nutrition

Danish Medical Journal

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum

Dutch Journal of Medicine

East African Medical Journal

EBioMedicine

EClinicalMedicine

Emergency Medicine Journal

Endocrine Reviews

Endocrinology

EP Europace

European Heart Journal

European Heart Journal - Acute Cardiovascular Care

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging

European Heart Journal - Case Reports

European Heart Journal - Digital Health

European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes

European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing

European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

European Journal of Public Health

Evidence-Based Mental Health

Evidence-Based Nursing

Family Medicine and Community Health

Family Practice

Finnish Medical Journal

Frontline Gastroenterology

Gaceta Sanitaria

Gastrointestinal Nursing

General Psychiatry

Global Health Action

Global Heart

Health Policy and Planning

Health Promotion International

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Heart

Huisarts en wetenschap

Human Molecular Genetics

Human Reproduction

IJQHC Communications

Indian Journal of Medical Ethics

Indian Journal of Medical Research

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Injury Prevention

Innovation in Aging

Integrated Healthcare Journal

International Journal of Epidemiology

International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

International Journal of Health Policy and Management

International Journal of Integrated Care

International Journal of Medical Students

International Journal of Nursing Studies

International Journal of Older People Nursing

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

International Nursing Review

JAMIA Open

JMIR Public Health & Surveillance

JNCI Cancer Spectrum

Journal of Child Health Care

Journal of Clinical Pathology

Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

Journal of Health and Caring Sciences

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

Journal of Medical Ethics

Journal of Medical Genetics

Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

Journal of Open Health Data

Journal of Pharmacuetical Health Services Research

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Journal of Public Health

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

Journal of Surgical Protocols and Research Methodologies

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association

Journal of the Endocrine Society

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Journal of Travel Medicine

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics

Journal of Turkish Society of Microbiology

Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

Khyber Medical University Journal

La Revista Universitas Medica

Lab Medicine

Medical Humanities

Medical Journal of Australia

Medical Mycology

Medwave

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

Neuro-Oncology Advances

Neuro-Oncology Practice

Neurology

New England Journal of Medicine

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

Nurse Author & Editor

Nursing & Health Sciences

Nursing Inquiry

Nutrition Reviews

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Occupational Medicine

Oxford Open Climate Change

Oxford Open Immunology

Pacific Rim Journal of International Nursing Research

Paediatrics & Child Health

Palliative Medicine

Pan American Journal of Public Health

Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal

Pediatric Nursing

The Pharmaceutical Journal

PLOS Medicine

Postgraduate Medical Journal

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana

Revista de Saúde Pública

Rheumatology

RMD Open

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open

Sexually Transmitted Infections

SLEEP

SLEEP Advances

Stroke and Vascular Neurology

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

The BMJ

The Gerontologist

The Journal of Climate Change and Health

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Journal of Nutrition

The Journals of Gerontology, Series A

The Lancet

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

The Lancet Global Health

The Lancet Microbe

The Lancet Planetary Health

The Lancet Psychiatry

The Lancet Public Health

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

The National Medical Journal of India

The Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology

Thorax

Tobacco Control

Translational Behavioral Medicine

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology

Turkish Archives of Pediatrics

Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry

Turkish Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing

Turkish Journal of Orthodontics

Turkish Thoracic Journal

Veterinary Record

VOICE

Western Journal of Emergency Medicine

Women’s Healthcare: A Clinical Journal for NPs

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery